THEOSOPHY
does, in point of fact, preach a new gospel. It has been
required to advance a valid reason why the world should
discard its accepted rules of living and take up this new
one, and the requirement has been fully met. There is in
Theosophy a new gospel, a new rule of conduct, a new hope
for humanity.
This new thing is not a new code of morals;
were that all Theosophy could offer, it could offer nothing,
for the moral law of Jesus Christ cannot be improved upon.
It is not the gospel of the brotherhood of man; that doctrine
has been the dream of the world for ages — Theosophy
cannot make it any less a dream. It is not even, as many
have supposed and asserted, the cultivation of the psychical
powers in man — how many, think you, of the
weary plodders through this vale of tears could be given
new courage by this very vague and ungraspable proposition
of the psychical powers in man ? One here and one there may
be found who understands, and understanding, desires to possess,
but in proportion to the great humanity, they are as four-leaved
clovers in a field of grass. No, it is not this; it is none
of these that furnishes the hope and the inspiration.It
is a new doctrine — a [Page
2] new
gospel, for which the world is only now, for the first
time, prepared: it is the gospel of individual self-development.
Theosophy teaches that man is his own creator — absolutely
his own creator. There is no God who will stretch out an
omnipotent arm in his behalf. There is no fate save such
as he himself decrees. There is no chosen people. Whatever
we desire to be that we can be if we will — nothing
can hinder. Theosophy says to every man: “Place your
mark upon any peak of human greatness — the loftiest — and,
if you will but climb, you shall surely reach the goal”.
No empty figure of speech is the expression: “He aims too
low who aims beneath the stars”.
The ethereal nebulae of infinite wisdom can be explored
by everyone of us; it but requires that we should learn how
to approach the fight. In that most poetical of all things
in the English language — the fifth act of The Merchant
of Venice, Lorenzo exclaims to his sweetheart Jessica:
“ Look,
how the floor of heaven
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright
gold;
There's not the smallest orb which thou behold'st
But, in
its motion like an angel sings;
* * * *
Such harmony
is in immortal souls;
But whilst this muddy vesture of decay
Doth
grossly close it in, we cannot hear it.” [Page
3]
Aye,
there vibrates in each human soul a mighty paeon
of immortal wisdom and immortal power, could we but listen
to its voice — and we can.
It is in the peculiarity
of this doctrine of self-development that Theosophy differs
from all creeds. Other systems of thought say:
”Be virtuous, be good, and an omnipotent judge will reward
you therefor”. Theosophy
says: “Wisdom is the all essential thing; be
virtuous, be good, because virtue and goodness assist you
to become wise; but remember, that no one ever becomes wise
simply by being good”. Other systems say: “Rely
upon prayer; rely upon the grace of a higher power”.
Theosophy says: “In the
gathering of wisdom you must rely upon yourself alone”;
it says, that not only can you not gather wisdom from the
outside, but that such outside assistance, if attempted,
would of itself, defeat the very object sought to be obtained.
It is not knowledge that is required; it is wisdom. A man
may pack his head with all that lies between the covers of
all the encyclopedias,
and yet be incapable of a single intellectual thought. The
graduate, fresh from the University of California, has an
immensely greater store of knowledge than had Leonardo Da
Vinci, but how vast is the difference between them in the
quality of mind! The one has choked his memory with a little
uncertain informatIon; the other had wisdom. Do not misunderstand
me as saying that one should not obtain knowledge; [Page
4]
knowledge is a necessary thing, nay, the road to wisdom is
through the gateway of knowledge, but knowledge alone is
of no greater use to a man's true development than an assortment
of pigments would be to an embryo painter who, as yet, has
never handled a brush. The colours are there, the brush is
there, the canvas is there, but the soul of the painter has
not been trained to create the images of beauty.
What, after
all, is the meat of this vast system of philosophy ? It is,
in brief, this: Theosophy teaches that the mind functions
through three distinct states. First, there is that condition
of the mind in which it is presided over and controlled by
the emotions. As we desire, as we hope, as we love, as we
hate, as we suffer, as we enjoy, so do our minds respond.
These emotions are the only inspiration for the only beginnings
of our thoughts. Our thoughts take their rise in them; are
controlled by them; are obscured by them. Creatures of impulse
and of sensation, we are manacled to error as Andromeda was
chained to the rock, and, like Andromeda, we are at the mercy
of the dragon.
The second and higher state is that in which
the mind is not controlled by the emotions. In this state
the mind reasons always from cause to effect, from proposition
to proof, from premises to conclusion. Such a mind approaches
every subject of contemplation absolutely uncoloured, uncontrolled
and unobscured by any emotion. With such a [Page
5] mind, the
wish is never father to the thought, but the thought is always
directed solely to the discovery of truth, let that truth
be what it may. Such is the mind of the true philosophy and
of the true scientist. How vast is the difference between
this sort of mind and one that is a slave to the emotions!
How great an advantage it has in the search after truth!
The one is the mind of a Huxley or a Spencer; the other is
that of the hod-carrier, content with his treadmill life,
or that of him who devotes all his time and all his energy
to the pleasures of sense.
But, although a mind governed by reason is greater than a
mind governed by emotion, it is yet far from being a perfect
mind. It is still chained to the senses. Sight, hearing,
touch, taste and smell are still the gateways to such a mind.
It has no other avenues through which to obtain information
or by which to receive inspiration. It may reason ever so
clearly from premises to conclusion; but suppose the blundering
senses have given it a wrong premise upon which to base its
reasoning ? What will it do in case the senses do not give
it any premises at all ? Such a mind is still incomplete.
It is still subject to limitations. It needs a further liberation,
and that liberty is found in the third and highest state.
In this highest state the mind is not only not obscured by
the emotions, nor made subject to the senses, but it, in addition,
is not compelled to [Page
6] reason out conclusions. It knows directly. It concludes
by intuition. It is almost impossible for such as we to understand
such a mind. The only men that I can recall in history who
had reached this high mental state were Gautama Buddha, Jesus
Christ, and William Shakespeare. These three minds were not
limited by time nor obscured by error.
The whole scheme of Theosophy, then, is to elevate the mind
from this first condition of emotional and sensational servitude
in which nearly all of us are bound, to the third unobscured,
untrammelled condition of God-like power. This is the scheme
of the present system; when mankind has reached that stage,
it will then find still further heights to climb; there is,
perhaps, no end to progress. But we have no present concern
with such distant speculations.
Although
Theosophy insists that each man shall achieve his own salvation,
it does not leave mankind in a trackless wilderness without
a guide. It points out the way so clearly that none can
go astray. It merely insists that each one shall walk over
the road for himself. It says: “See! yonder mountain
top is the goal of your present ambition. The trail is there;
it winds plainly to the summit. Here are charts showing
all the difficult places and how
to surmount them. Here are full descriptions of all the
sights and sounds and sensations that might lure you from
the path. Go. Start upon [Page
7] the road. When you
grow so weary that you can no longer climb, the sweet and
merciful Angel of Death will come and give you rest for
ten thousand years; and when you awaken from that long
sleep you
will have a new and greater power to climb. You need never
be in one moment's doubt as to the way, you will always
have the strength to move onward, but you cannot ride the
journey upon a sumpter mule; your own feet must carry you
every step and every mile”.
Theosophy advances two broad
doctrines which show the possibility and the practicability
of this high degree of individual development. The
first of these is the doctrine of reincarnation; the second
is the doctrine of the septenary constitution of man.
That
this single life is wholly inadequate to our full development,
and also that there are within our souls higher and still
higher powers awaiting that full development, are beliefs
inherent in the breast of every man, did he but permit
himself to look with candour at his own heart. Theosophy
teaches that we have not only one, but thousands of lives;
that each life is an advance upon the preceding one; that
where we leave off in our self-development in one life, we
begin the next to that extent already developed; that death
is, in very truth, only a larger sleep — a sleep stretched
from a single night into some thousands of years, and that
the only purpose of these many lives and [Page
8] these
many deaths is advancement. Theosophy teaches that mankind
is composed not only of the physical — the matter which
we can see and touch, but also of six other substances
besides; that man is, in fact, a very complex being, and
contains latent within him powers of the most stupendous
sort. It
is the purpose of the scheme of life to bring these powers
out.
What could be more inspiring than these doctrines ? What
greater than the thought that within us are the potentialities
of the highest self-development, and that we shall be given
the opportunities
and
the time to make these potentialities living facts ? What
more inspiring than the thought that some day we shall
become as one for whom the mists of ignorance have been
wholly rolled aside; and that we shall have gained such
wisdom as to know the truth; that for us there shall be
no error; nay, that we shall be incapable of error, as
a God.
The
whole of theosophical literature, and the whole of occultism,
is designed to assist in this self progress. There is a perfect
mass of instruction. The mind of the neophyte is stupefied
with the sea of it. There are all sorts and conditions of
philosophers expounding it in all languages and all ages.
Out of the whole of them there is one who strikes the keynote
of the work of self-development. His name is Patanjali.
Patanjali was a Hindu sage who lived
some hundred or two hundred years before Christ. His [Page
9] philosophy is one of the
most remarkable outputs of the human mind, for he shows how
a man can, by taking thought, find out God. Patanjali
points out how one may, by individual, unaided, positive
effort, lift the mind from its debased servitude to the
emotions and the senses, to that almost omnipotent power
of knowing truth by intuition. His system is very simple;
but, like all exalted and simple truth, immensely difficult
to grasp.
Patanjali taught that by, concentrating the mind
upon a single thought, to the exclusion of all other thoughts,
and by holding the mind upon that thought, you compelled
these higher qualities of the mind — the occult, lofty,
hidden qualities of the mind,
to come to the rescue, so to speak, and illumine the understanding.
He taught that when one acquired this faculty of mental concentration
in perfection, it was only necessary to concentrate the mind
upon any problem to comprehend it at once.
To concentrate the
mind upon a single thought to the total exclusion of all
other thoughts seems, at first glance, a very simple and a
very easy thing to do, and yet, I am morally certain, there
is not a single reader of this article equal to the task. It
is a mental operation of the most titanic proportions. Experiment
and see. Shut yourself up in your room and endeavour to hold
your mind to a single thought for half an hour without permitting
any other thought to come into your consciousness. You will
simply fail. [Page
10]
I
presume that I ought to go more into detail and
explain more fully what this extraordinary mental process of
concentration actually is. Butt really, when I have said that
it is the fastening of the mind upon a single thought to the
exclusion of all other thoughts I have, in point of fact,
told the whole story. To such as have not given this process
a careful study, I can merely say that to understand this thing
you must attempt to do it, and you must give to the analysis
of the process, long and careful attention. I will merely add
that it is, by long odds, the most difficult of all the tasks
to which the human mind can be put.
But it will accomplish
the desired result; this is beyond all question. It will elevate
the mind to a state of tremendous power. And it is possible
to do it. It merely requires a great deal of self discipline
and a great deal of time in which that self discipline may
be applied. This time is supplied by reincarnation.
What sort of discipline is required ? I will tell you. It is a discipline calculated to develop to
the full a certain peculiar power of the mind itself. The mind is the monarch of mankind, but
there is a power behind the throne that is the monarch of the mind. This power is the
human will.
What is the will ? Did you ever seek to analyse, to grasp,
to dissect, to understand the human will ? It is of the mind,
and yet it is apart from the mind. It is obedient to the
mind, and yet it is the [Page
11] master
of the mind. The more I seek to understand the human will,
the further it recedes from my comprehension. I only know
that it exists, and I know that it is capable of such a marvelous
development as to set it up as master over all the world.
The peculiar great quality of the will, which enables it
to perform these wonders, is its steadfastness — its
ability to hold the mind to one thing unmoved. Persistence
is the greatest power in nature. You can fiddle down a bridge
if you but fiddle long enough upon a single proper note.
A constant dropping of water will wear away a stone. Nature
and mankind alike yield obedience to the unchanging mind.
Mobility cannot resist immobility. It is in recognition of
this truth that the maxim was coined: “Everything
comes to him who waits”.
This
sublime mastery of the human will over the human mind is
described by Shakespeare better
than anyone else has succeeded in describing it. Shakespeare
always describes things better than any other thinker.
In the third act of Julius Caesar, in the scene where
the Roman Senate headed by Brutus, asks that the decree of
banishment against Cimber be revoked, Caesar replies:
“ I
am constant as the northern star,
Of whose true fix'd and resting quality
There is no fellow in the firmament.
The
skies are painted with unnumber'd sparks [Page
12]
They
all are fire, and everyone doth shine;
But
there's but one in all doth hold his place;
So in the world; 'tis furnished well with men,
And
men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive
Yet, in the number, I do know but one,
That unassailable holds on his rank,
Unshaked of motion; and, that I am he,
Let
me a little show it — even in this;
That I was constant Cimber should be banish'd,
And
constant do remain to keep him so.”
The scheme of life, then, is self-development. The time for this self-development is given by repeated incarnations. The development itself consists simply in calling into play those tremendous inner powers latent in every man. These great powers are called into life by the positive effort of mental concentration; and mental concentration, in turn, is only rendered possible by an exalted development of the human will. How, then, shall the will be developed ? Ah! this is the root of the whole problem. It is the question of questions. It is upon this rock that all the philosophers have split.
The
Hindus, after Patanjali had passed away, adopted a negative
sort of development. They said: “Since the emotions obscure
the mind and prevent concentration, we will kill out the
emotions”. They did not rise to the sublime truth
that the emotions were meant to be at once the trainers and
the servants of the [Page
13] will,
but they said: we will kill the emotions that the mind may
be unobscured. They adopted a system of living calculated
to kill the emotions and they succeeded in killing — themselves.
For, in all truth, what the Hindu system of Yoga practices
has succeeded in killing, is the will power — the
quality of force; and the absence of this will power has
caused the decay of the Hindu people.
In seeking to explain
this decadence a great deal has been said about the law of
cycles. I do not agree with this explanation. The simple
truth has been that the returning Egos, seeking a further
advancement along the lines of a developed will, did not
find congenial soil among the Hindu people, and turned aside
to newer and more heroic nations. I believe, to the bottom
of my soul, that it is possible for the American people,
if they but pursue the proper course of national living,
to progress and ever progress while the solid earth holds
this nation here. To
the winds with your fatalistic law of cycles! There are no
cycles that can resist the power of the human soul.
How can
the will be developed ? How does the oak grow strong ? By warring
with the rough winds. It is the unresisting grass that the
whole world tramples under foot. If you wish to develop the
will, go out into the world and fight it. Do you wish to be
master of yourself ? Arouse, to the very full, all the emotions
and [Page 14] all
the desires that could master you, and then subdue them.
(Love, hate, hope, enjoy, be ambitious; but cultivate the
strength to put these emotions aside with a wave of the hand.
Seek out the most beautiful temptations — and turn
your back upon them. Plunge into the wildest dissipations,
and suddenly drop them. Set for yourself a certain goal — seek
to do or to be something:
place the mark high up — far off, the higher and
the farther the better; then set yourself
towards reaching it. Never turn aside; never falter; never
lose courage; but moving always
resolutely on, keep up the struggle until you grasp success.
Never permit another will to override your own. Listen
to reason; be open to conviction — for stubbornness,
which is an attribute of the emotions and not of the reason,
is not will-power — but
never permit what another may think, or do or threaten, to
have force enough to change your mind. Never yield to that
mysterious thing called mental force. Whatever you do and
whatever you think, do it and think it because it is your
own judgment to do and to think in that particular way. I
do not mean that you shall combat everything blindly, as a
bull would. The strong oak bends before the storm. But when
the strain is over the oak springs erect again. So you, appearing
to give way, should hold in your heart the unconquerable will
which yields not [Page
15] at all. Hold to one purpose and to one resolve
through years, when all the horizon shows not a beam of hope
that, that purpose and that resolve may come to fruition. Do
all of this, not for the sake of the results of each particular
doing, but as a training for the will. Do it all as an exercise,
as the pianist plays the scales to make the fingers limber.
Out of all this will come marvelous powers of will. And of it all will come a marvelous self- control. Then, indeed, will you be able to force up out of their hidden caverns the latent powers of the mind. Then, indeed, will you begin to feel rushing through your soul the first thrillings of that mighty wisdom that shall make you as a God. [Page 17]
AN
INTRODUCTION TO
THE STUDY OF
YOGA APHORISMS
OF PATANJALI
ONE of the most extraordinary books in the world is The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali.
Patanjali was a Hindu Sage, whose birth and death are indefinitely
fixed as occurring some time between one hundred and five
hundred years before Christ. The original manuscript of
this little volume is, therefore, more than two thousand
years old.
This is one of the most remarkable books in
the world, because it points out, with infallible directness,
the means by which a man may transform himself into a god.
I use the word “God” in this connection
for the reason that it conveys to our Western mind, accustomed
to the idea of the Jewish Jehovah, a better conception
of the powers acquired through this knowledge, than could
any other word in the English language, for he who masters
the wisdom contained in this little book contacts the heart
of all knowledge and obtains control over the hidden forces
of nature. Such [Page
18] powers
we have been accustomed to believe to be possessed by God
alone.
The
volume is small. About one-third of the space between the
covers is occupied by an introduction and an appendix.
Of the four chapters into which the book proper is divided,
one is, in my opinion, unmistakably an interpolation. Chapter
two, or Book two as it is here designated, presents so
sharp a contrast to the first, the third and the fourth
chapters — is so plainly the output of a
feebler mind, conscious of its own weakness and seeking a
way to reach the altitude, of the majestic sweep of thought
of the first and master mind — that this chapter could
not have come from the same godlike mental power as did the
other three.
Much of the space devoted to the three genuine chapters
is taken up with foot-notes, and the type of the text
proper is large; so that, in reality, less than half
of the contents is the work of Patanjali himself — not more than enough
to fill half a column of an ordinary newspaper; and yet,
small as the space occupied by the printed record of this
far-reaching wisdom, it might be still further condensed.
It might be compressed into a single word — “Concentration”.
There
are two processes of the human mind about which the majority
of people have the most erroneous conception. One of these
is mental concentration. The other is the faculty of dramatic [Page
19] construction.
The reason for this is that both are occult faculties. The
mind of the true Yogi, and the mind of the true dramatist,
perform operations, so unlike the operations of the ordinary
mind, that ordinary minds are unable to conceive of the existence
of such processes, let alone understanding them. Before explaining
the nature of concentration, I must first disabuse the reader's
mind of the idea commonly held, as to what concentration
is. In the first place the English word “concentration”,
as we understand it, does not describe the mental process
expressed by the Sanskrit word “sanyama”. We
choose the word “concentration” only because
it is the best English word to use. The word “restraint” has also
been used; but “restraint” is
even a worse translation.
Mental concentration, then, does
not mean putting thoughts into the mind, it means putting
thoughts out of the mind. In both ordinary and philosophical
language it means single-pointedness, but the process of
obtaining that single-pointedness, or rather the sort of
single-pointedness obtained, is wholly different when considered
from the two standpoints. If we permit the wings of an army
to represent thoughts, we would say in ordinary language,
that a man concentrated his thoughts, as a general concentrates
his army, by bringing all the wings together. In occultism,
we would say, that concentration is obtained when the wings
are marched off, one by one, until but a single wing [Page
20] remained.
To carry the simile further, the subdivisions of the thought — the
brigades, the regiments, the corporal's guards of this wing
(for upon a close analysis it will be found that thoughts
have subdivisions) should be dispersed until the indivisible — the
single private, remains, before perfect concentration is obtainable.
If, in ordinary language, we say that we concentrate our
minds upon a certain problem, we are understood as taking
under consideration all the aspects of that problem. In occult
language we are understood as taking under consideration
a single aspect only. Application is not concentration. To
have concentration one must have application: but one may
have abundance of application without the slightest trace
of concentration. One may be able to apply the mind to a
problem for hours consecutively,
and yet not be able to concentrate it upon a problem for
a single moment of time.
Patanjali defines concentration
as “hindering the modifications of the thinking
principle”. Probably everyone has heard or read the
expression “thought forms”; doubtless
by many this has been supposed to be a mere figure of speech — a
flowery turned sentence, designed to give grace to an otherwise
bald statement: but, indeed, such is not the case. There are
thought-forms, as real and as definite, and occupying space
just as truly as the physical forms we see and touch; although, [Page
21] to
be sure, they are not so fixed and heavy of motion. When
we dream, do we not create thought forms? Are the things
the dreamer sees mere nothings ? Assuredly not. They are
real. They occupy space. They are matter; of an ethereal
and attenuated sort, but matter nevertheless. They are matter
of the same consistency as the matter composing the mind — not
the brain, but the mind — and
they are called into being and dispersed by the busy mind
itself.
It is a doctrine of occult science that the mind takes
on the form of anything it contemplates. It, in fact,
makes itself into a counterpart of the thing. For the time
being, it is the thing on another plane of existence. When
you think of a thing, therefore your mind shapes itself into
the form of that thing. When you change your thought your
mind changes its shape. No
matter how rapidly your thoughts change, your mind changes
just as rapidly. It is being continually modified. Continually
and rapidly indeed, with tremendous rapidity — with
the rapidity of thought. Every moment of waking life, the
mind is continually creating hundreds of these thought-forms
and continually dispersing them again, never holding one
long enough to get acquainted with it, so to speak, but
instantly supplanting it by another, and yet another and
so on while life lasts. These are the modifications of
the thinking principle. It is for the purpose of hindering
these modifications that [Page
22] concentration is
practised. Concentration is holding the mind to one form.
Suppose the mind instead of constantly creating these millions
upon millions of thought-forms, instead of flitting from
thought to thought and never resting on anyone, instead of
dissipating and scattering its energies upon a multitude
of things, instead of never halting long enough to really
grasp the meaning of what it is that it is contemplating;
suppose, instead, it should hold one thought-form firmly
before it, unconfused by any other, not only an instant,
not only a second, not only a minute, but an hour, a day.
Suppose the mind was so trained by years, by lives of systematic
and intelligent direction, as to enable it to do this,
what would happen then ? Suppose the mind could shape itself
into one shape and keep that shape for hours together, what
would be the grand result ? Ah! assuredly, we are now approaching
the very mysteries of Occultism.
In order that the reader
may easily understand what follows, I shall be obliged to
recall to his mind certain basic philosophic teachings and
shall assume that he believes them to be true, or rather
that they have become a part of his conscious experience.
It will be necessary for me to make a bald statement of each
one of these doctrines so that they may be fresh in the reader's
memory as we proceed to further examine this marvelous process
of the human mind, set forth by Patanjali, [Page
23] for,
as yet, I have given no adequate conception of his meaning
and can only do so by the light of these principles. I shall
do no more than merely state them. There is not a single
individual reader who may not, in time, by mastering and
applying the knowledge contained in this little book, elevate
his intellect to the level of a Webster, a Shakespeare, a
Mahatma,
aye, a God. I take it, that none are so devoid of ambition
that they would not devote many a long hour, if finally they
could be shown the way to acquire this tremendous power. That
way is surely set forth here. The first of these doctrines
is the doctrine of reincarnation. Patanjali assumes that
his pupils accept this law, just as a modern astronomer
assumes that his pupils accept the law of gravitation.
The feature to which I wish to specially call attention
is the way in which the law of mental progress operates
through successive reincarnations. To whatever extent a
man develops his mind in one life, to just that extent
does he begin the next with a mind already developed. His
mental training in one life is shown in the next in the
shape of results. What are the “born”
musicians and orators and painters and poets ? Merely the
results of hard work in former incarnations. Not a single
effort at mental development is thrown away. lf you do not
see the results in this incarnation you surely will in some
following one. [Page
24]
Another
doctrine which Patanjali assumes to be thoroughly understood
and accepted by his pupils is the doctrine of the universality
of consciousness. Some time ago, Thomas A. Edison, the eminent
inventor, surprised the world by announcing as his belief
that every molecule of matter possessed a consciousness of
its own. The world hailed this announcement as a new theory
set forth for the first time by the wizard of the phonograph;
but indeed, Mr. Edison merely repeated a truth so old that
two thousand years ago, Patanjali took it for granted that
all his pupils knew all about it, and hence he did not go
to the trouble of restating the doctrine. Study the flame
in a gas jet. What is it that makes the atoms of carbon and
the atoms of oxygen rush together with so fierce a love as
to burst into aflame ? Examine a piece of ebony. What is
it that makes the molecules of matter composing it hang together
with so firm a grip, that the blows of an axe or the ripping
of a saw are necessary to tear them asunder ? It is consciousness.
The same consciousness which in man in another form makes
of him an intelligent and a sentient being. I will merely
call the reader's attention to certain phases of this doctrine;
assuming that he accepts them, as did the pupils of Patanjali.
The consciousness of the individual man is not the sum of
the consciousness of all the molecules composing his body.
The individual man has an [Page
25] individual
consciousness. Each molecule in a man’s body has a
consciousness of its own, man, the individual, has a consciousness
of his own, yet the one is not the sum of all the others,
but is a distinct thing. Carry the same thought higher. A
community of men has a consciousness of its own, and yet
this consciousness is not the sum of the individual consciousness
of all men in that community, but is distinct in itself.
So a nation has a consciousness which is not a sum of all
communal consciousnesses, but is a distinct national consciousness.
So a race has a consciousness of its own, the universe has
a consciousness of its own, and above the consciousness of
the universe — but
let us stop.
Let us frame this thought in other terms. Let us call consciousness, soul. Thus, then, there is an atomic soul, an individual soul, a national soul, a race soul, a soul of the world, a soul of the universe — and here we pause.
Suppose there could be devised a process of development which should so expand the individual human consciousness that it would take in all the rest? Suppose that the individual man should be able to be conscious not only of that which is telegraphed to him by his individual senses — his eye, his ear — but that he should be conscious of all that the atom is conscious of, of all that every other individual is conscious of, of all that the community is conscious of, of all that the [Page 26] nation is conscious of, the race, the world, the universe ? Suppose that there was a way to so expand the mind — and there surely is — suppose there was such a way, what sort of men would such developed ones become ? Where is the knowledge that could be withheld from such a mind ? And yet this is precisely what Patanjali places within the reach of you and me. It is precisely an expansion of this sort that is obtained by the dramatist, though to a limited extent. He expands his consciousness until it is one with the consciousness of an audience.
A third doctrine which Patanjali assumes his pupils understand and accept is the doctrine of the septenary constitution of man. I, also, shall assume that you understand and accept this doctrine. It is necessary, however, to freshly call to mind the attributes of three of man's seven principles. These three are the fourth, the fifth and the sixth. They are called in Sanskrit the Kama Rupa, the Manas and the Buddhi principles. In English they are termed the animal soul, the human soul and the spiritual soul. These three principles constitute the mind. It is through these three principles that man's individual consciousness functions. The entire purpose of Theosophy — the whole scheme of this occult wisdom — this knowledge, jealously guarded through the centuries by the few, from all but the few — the absolute object of this secret doctrine is to elevate the functioning [Page 27] of the individual consciousness from the fourth principle, where it now functions in the majority of mankind, to the sixth, from the animal soul to the spiritual soul. This is the thing which will enable the individual consciousness to expand into the universal consciousness, and this is the thing which Patanjali teaches us how to do.
The fourth principle — or animal soul — is the seat of the desires, of the emotions, of love and hate, of pleasure, of pain. When consciousness functions through this principle it is obscured by these emotions. How often do we hear the expression" "The wish is father to the thought ? ” With the majority of mankind the wish is always father to the thought, and hence the thought is never un-obscured. It is never a thought dealing with abstract truth.
It is upon this fourth principle that the dramatist plays. He appeals to consciousness through the emotions. A play is not addressed to the head, but to the heart. There is this essential point about a play, however, which distinguishes it from all other things. It is addressed to the emotional consciousness, not of an individual, but of an audience; which is a very different thing.
The
fifth principle. Manas — the human soul — is
the seat of the thinker. It is that in us which reasons,
which argues from cause to effect, from premise to conclusion.
With an individual who has elevated the functioning of
his consciousness [Page
28] from the fourth to the
fifth principle the wish is never father to the thought.
He approaches all subjects of contemplation with a mind
wholly free from prejudice or desire. He seeks merely to
know the
truth, regardless of what the truth may be; in seeking
the truth his mind is unobscured. What are our Huxleys
and our Spencers ? Merely men who have elevated their consciousness
from the fourth to the fifth principle. Each one can do
the same.
The sixth principle — the spiritual soul — has
been called the “knower”.
When the consciousness functions through this principle
the mind is no longer obscured by the emotions and the
senses, nor is it obliged to obtain knowledge by the slow
and painful process of reasoning from cause to effect. It
knows direct.
This process is best expressed by the word “intuition”.
I have heard intuition defined as the recalling to the
mind of knowledge acquired by experiences in former incarnations.
This definition is manifestly incorrect. Such a mental process
is not intuition, it is memory. It is a recollection of things
stored in the memory before this life began, but it is none
the less an effort of the memory. Intuition is the obtaining
a truth without the aid of the senses, the reasoning powers
or of the memory. It is direct knowledge. How can such a
thing be ? The answer is very plain. By expanding the individual
consciousness until it takes in all consciousness. [Page
29] When this is done one does not think of the
universe, one thinks with the
universe. This is what results from elevating the functioning
of consciousness to the sixth principle and this is precisely
what Patanjali shows us how to do. A dramatist is a man
who has succeeded in so elevating his consciousness in
respect to one subject, namely, that of dramatic construction.
Shakespeare was unmistakably born with his consciousness
so elevated. Sardou and our own Bronson Howard have succeeded
in so elevating their consciousness during this life-time.
This mental operation which a dramatist does in fact perform,
is to know intuitively what effect the lines he is now
writing will have, when acted, upon the emotional consciousness
of an audience not yet in existence. This knowledge must
be absolutely true. It must be truth itself: for if he
makes a single genuine mistake in playing upon the emotional
consciousness of this audience not yet assembled, his play
is a failure. This is the reason so few people succeed in
writing plays.
The system of philosophy the Theosophical
Society is now engaged in spreading before the world is
called “occult” largely because the race of Sages,
or perhaps I might say Mahatmas,
who are the custodians of this splendid wisdom, have been in
the habit of giving out only half truths to their pupils,
always reserving the key to the knowledge they imparted,
until the chela or pupil was [Page
30] surely fitted to receive the full and exalted
truth. The
really occult part of this knowledge is occult, because
it cannot be understood except by the developed inner man.
It is, in very truth, hidden to the ordinary mind; but
the term
“occult” has been given to the whole scheme of this philosophy
for the reason I have mentioned. The epithet might well be
applied to the information contained in this book. Patanjali
has, indeed, followed the custom of his fellow Sages; and
while his aphorisms speak fully of concentration and of what
concentration will do, they are absolutely silent as to how
to call into being the tremendous mental power necessary
to the practice of concentration. Patanjali has shown his
pupils a certain complicated maze in the centre of which
is placed everything the most ambitious could desire to dream
of possessing, and has said to them: “Behold! In the very
middle of this labyrinth are all things necessary to make
men great, rich, powerful, immortal and happy. It can be
entered only by a certain path called Concentration. The
plan of this pathway you must discover for yourself. Go,
find the key to this labyrinth and all within is yours; but
if you find it not, and if you attempt this passage without
the key, you shall be lost in the endless maze”.
ΔΔ
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