This group is a very interesting one, containing as it does the element Carbon.
so important in organic chemistry. The members of the group occur at the
extreme limits of the left-hand swing of the pendulum. Their characteristic
form is that of an octahedron, rounded at the angles and a little depressed
between the faces in consequence of the rounding. In fact, it was not at
first recognized as an octahedron, and was called the "corded bale ".
All
these elements are tetravalent and have eight funnels opening on the eight
faces of the octahedron. Here, as usual, we find that the number of funnels
is twice the valence.
The conception of the four valencies of Carbon pointing to the four corners
of a tetrahedron, so much used in organic chemistry, at once comes to the
mind. It is obvious that if four of the eight funnels are used, these
would give forces pointing in the required directions in space. This
subject is further illustrated in the descriptions of the Carbon compounds
in Chapter XIII.
Carbon
gives us the fundamental octahedron form, which becomes so marked in Titanium
and Zirconium.
Central
globe. In the centre of the octahedron is a globe containing four Anu,
each within its own wall, these lie on the dividing lines of the faces
and each holds a pair of funnels together. It seems as though this Anu
had been economically taken from one Ad6 in the funnels, to form the link.
Fig. 118.
Funnels.
The funnels are in pairs, one of each pair showing three "cigars" and
having as its fellow a funnel in which the middle "cigar" is truncated,
having lost one Anu. Each Ad6 has a leaf-like body at its base, the six
together making up one Hydrogen atom.
Carbon = 4 + 4C27 + 4C26
Centre = 4 Anu
Four funnels of 27 Anu = 108
Four funnels of 26 Anu = 104
Total = 216 Anu
Number weight 216 / 18 = 12.00tk
ATOMIC No. 22
TITANIUM
Central
globe. The central body is made up of the five interlaced tetrahedrons,
Ne120, with a ring of seven Anu round an eighth, that forms the minute
centre of the whole. Into this elaborate body one hundred and twenty-eight
Anu are built.
Round
this centre comes a ring of twelve ovoids each holding within itself fourteen
Anu, distributed among three contained spheres, two quartets and a sextet.
This is a new device for crowding in material Fig. 119.
Funnels.
Titanium has a complete Carbon atom distributed over the ends of its
four arms, a pair of funnels with their linking Anu being seen in each.
Then, in each arm, comes the elaborate body Ti88, with its eighty-eight
Anu.
The
protrusion of the arms in Titanium and Zirconium suggests the old Rosicrucian
symbol of the cross and rose, but since they show at their ends the eight
carbon funnels with their characteristic contents they justify their relationship.
Zirconium
has a similar design to Titanium, the Carbon atom being similarly distributed
and the central body identical in pattern. Fig. 120.
Central
globe. The central globe resembles that of Titanium, being Ne120 + 8,
but the 12 ovoids in the ring are more elaborate, each containing 36 Anu
instead of 14.
Funnels.
The ovoid in the arm of Zirconium shows no less than thirteen secondary
globes, four of which make Ti88. These in turn contain altogether 69 smaller
spheres. So we have 212 Anu in each arm, Zr212. A whole Carbon atom is
distributed over the ends of the four arms, as in Titanium.
In
this way the clever builders have piled up in Zirconium no less than 1.624
Anu.
This
element has many of the characteristics of Carbon, Titanium and Zirconium,
but the projecting arms which give Titanium and Zirconium the form of a
cross are so masked by other projections that they now take their place
as ordinary funnels, and we have once more the octahedron which in appearance
resembles a corded bale.
Central
globe. The central globe is formed of a central group, Ce27, surrounded
by 20 ovoids Ce32. These are arranged on the pattern of the Radium centre.
This group, Ce667, is also found as the centre of Neodymium in the Tetrahedron
Group A. Fig. 121.
FIG. 121. CERIUM CENTRE, Ce667
Funnels.
Cerium has two types of funnels, four of each type. Fig. 122.
Type
A contains the arm of Zirconium, Zr212.
Type
B is partly made up of constituents from Calcium. First Ca45, then
Ca7U, and then another Ca45. Next comes a new sphere, Ce36, containing
2 Mo11 and 2 I.7. At the mouth come two Carbon funnels. The characteristic
Carbon atom thus appears as usual divided into four parts, though it is
only in four out of the eight funnels. Oddly enough its little funnels
have lost their linking Anu.
This
element is also an octahedron. It is similar to Cerium in having two types
of funnels. Fig. 123.
Central
globe. The central globe is formed on the same pattern as that of Cerium.
The central sphere is Ce27, and this is surrounded by 20 ovoids. These
ovoids are each of 36 Anu, Hf36. The total number of Anu in the central
globe is 747, Hf747.
Funnels.
Four funnels are of one type and four of another.
Type
A. These four funnels contain the Zr212 group, but four ovoids Hf36,
similar to those in the central globe, are added. This makes a total of
356 Anu.
Type
B. These funnels are very similar to those in Cerium. We have first
the Ca160, next the Ce36 group, and then the two funnels of Carbon, still
without their linking Anu. In addition a small ovoid, Ge.11, containing
two triplets and a quintet, floats at the mouth of the funnel The total
number of Anu is 260.
This
element reproduces the features of Cerium while adding to them. Oddly enough,
the Carbon atom has here resumed the links which it lost in Cerium and
Hafnium. The Lithium spikes are here again, brought over presumably from
Actinium, but as Thorium is an octahedron there is now room for them in
the funnels. The special adaptation of the Antimony funnels has evidently
come along the spiral from Actinium also, and the central sphere is Lu819.
Fig. 124.
Central
globe. This is the Lu819 which is used in so many [eight]
elements, including Radium and Uranium. It is formed from the Ce27
group at the centre and 24 ovoids of Ba33.
Funnels.
The eight funnels are of two types, four of each.
Type
A contains the Zr212 and adds Sb128 and the group Sb113 + 3, or Ac116, which
occurs in Actinium. The total contains 456 Anu. Fig. 125.
Type
B is formed of three groups. First a large group containing Ca160, Mo46
and # C. (The Carbon funnels have their linking Anu in this case.) Then,
on either side of the large group, we find a Lithium spike, 2Li63. The
total contains 386 Anu. Fig. 126.
Carbon
is the typical octahedron, and a clear understanding of this element will
enable us to follow easily disintegration of the various members of these
groups. Fig. 127.
On
the E4 level the atom breaks up into four spheres each consisting of
a pair of funnels connected by a single Anu.
On
the E3 level the five Ad6 groups give the usual sextets and the truncated
'cigar' of five Anu forms a quintet. The leaves yield two forms of triplets
and the unit remains alone.
On
the E2 level the sestets each give two triplets, the quintet a triplet
and a duad; the triplets give duads and units and the single unit remains
free.
DISINTEGRATION OF TITANIUM
On the E4 level this element first breaks up into its constituent parts.
Each arm of the cross gives the pair of funnels with the linking Anu as
in Carbon, and an ovoid, Ti88. Fig. 127.
The
ring liberates the twelve spheres, Ti14, and the central globe, Ne120 + 8,
is also set free.
At
the second stage on the E4 level the I C group remains together, as in
Carbon, but the other groups break up still further as shown in Fig. 127.
The ovoid, Ti88, gives four globes of two types.
The Ti14 spheres each yield three smaller spheres.
The
central globe gives five tetrahedrons, SAd24, and a group of eight Anu
from the centre. These make a ring of seven Anu round a central one.
Thus
on the E4 level we get 62 groups. The four 1/4 C, 16 spheres from the four
arms, 36 spheres from the ring and 6 bodies from the central globe.
On
the E2 and E3 levels the bodies behave as shown in Fig. 127. The
funnels act as in Carbon; Ti88 yields star-like and cruciform bodies on
the E3 level, and simple triplets, duads and units on the E2. Each Ti14
gives a sestet and two quartets on the E3 level and triplets and duads
on the E2 level
The
central sphere behaves as in Neon and Occultum, while the group of eight
Anu forms a ring of seven Anu with one in the centre on the E3 level, and
breaks up into duads and units on the E2.
FIG. 128. Disintegration of Zirconium
DISINTEGRATION OF ZIRCONIUM
Zirconium
also breaks up in two stages on the E4 level. Fig. 128. The four
sets of Carbon funnels are liberated as well as four Zr212 from the arms.
Twelve Zr36 are set free from the rind and the central globe, Ne120 + 8,
is also liberated.
At
the second stage of E4 the Carbon funnels remain together but the other
groups break up. The Zr212 gives the four spheres which make up Ti88, and
nine globes from its central portion, eight Zr13 and one Ga20.
The
spheres from the ring, Zr36, each liberate five bodies, four of which we
have already seen in Titanium, and one of which is a group of 16 Anu. These
follow the Sodium model.
The
central globe liberates six bodies as in Titanium, five Ad24 and one group
of eight Anu.
On
the E3 level the 1/4 C acts as shown under Carbon. The Zr212 forms the
complex bodies already seen in Titanium and also an octet, two sextets
of different types, eight quintets (from the truncated cigars in the Zr13)
and 32 duads.
The Zr36 gives six quartets of different types, and two sextets.
The Ne120 + 8 acts as shown under Titanium.
On the E2 level quartets, triplets, duads and units are formed.
All these disintegrations can be followed by the aid of Figs. 127 and 128.
Fig. 129 shows the Octahedron Group A in a condensed form, from which the relationships
in this group may be studied.
